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Nevertheless, most studies attempting to characterize this research field have overlooked the longitudinal evolution of terminology and focused on digital entrepreneurship in isolation, referring to it as if it were an emergent and barely researched field (e.g., Grégoire and Shepherd 2012 Kraus et al. In this context, previous literature features several terms, including “internet entrepreneurship,” “e-entrepreneurship,” and “techno-entrepreneurship,” which have often been used as synonyms for “digital entrepreneurship,” leading to confusion over the years (Zaheer et al. Early developments in internet technology prompted conceptual and empirical research into digital ventures (e.g., Poon and Swatman 1997 Kollmann 1998). However, while there has been a pronounced interest in literature on the topic of digital entrepreneurship today, this area has its origin in the emergence of internet technology as the first relevant enabler of digital venture creation (Kollmann 1998 Kollmann et al. 2017 Srinivasan and Venkatraman 2018 Nambisan et al. Inspired by practical developments, such as the increasing value of the GAFAM firms, the relevance of the field of digital entrepreneurship also continues to grow in research, as shown by the number and quality of publications in highly ranked entrepreneurship and information systems journals (e.g., Ojala 2016 Smith et al. 2020 Swant 2020), underlining the importance of data and information as critical success factors (Weiber and Kollmann 1998 Kraus et al. 2020) using digital technologies as the core of their business models, such as Google, Amazon, Facebook, Apple, and Microsoft (GAFAM), have become the most valuable firms in the world in terms of brand value and market capitalization (Murphy et al. In practice, software-based businesses (Alt et al. Today, the field of digital entrepreneurship has become increasingly important and is a topical issue in both practice and research (Nambisan 2017 Kraus et al.
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Digital technologies comprise “products or services that are either embodied in information and communication technologies or enabled by them” (Lyytinen et al. Against this background, the field of digital entrepreneurship Footnote 1 describes the dovetailing of digital technologies and entrepreneurship (Nambisan 2017). Since the mid-1990s, the steady development of digital technologies has enabled not only the creation but also the scaling of so-called digital ventures, whose business models are based on generating value through electronic information via data networks (Kollmann 2006). The study occupies the intersection between entrepreneurship and information systems literature and its main contribution is to provide new insights into the eras of digital entrepreneurship from the past to the present and into the future. This study shows how emerging digital technologies, such as artificial intelligence, blockchain technology, and big data analytics, might shape the future of digital entrepreneurship research.
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The results show that recent research has not adequately recognized the contributions of previous publications and that the understanding of digital entrepreneurship is quite similar with regard to the terms used and over time. Digital technologies are identified as external enablers, and certain practical events are considered to be influencing factors. Based on the number of publications per year, three eras in the historical development of digital entrepreneurship research are outlined. Building on a scoping literature review, this study analyzes 1354 publications that use nine different terms interchangeably to describe the phenomenon of digital entrepreneurship.
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Digital entrepreneurship tends to be considered a new phenomenon despite emerging in the early 1990s. While recent research continues to emphasize the importance of digital entrepreneurship, the historical terminology of this field is often overlooked.